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Karol Stanisław Olszewski (29 January 1846 – 24 March 1915) was a Polish chemist, mathematician and physicist. ==Life== Olszewski was a graduate of Kazimierz Brodziński High School in Tarnów (I Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Kazimierza Brodzińskiego). He studied at Kraków's Jagiellonian University in the departments of mathematics and physics, and chemistry and biology. He carried out his first experiments using a personally improved compressor, compressing and condensing carbon dioxide. Olszewski defended his doctoral dissertation at Heidelberg University, then returned to Kraków, where he was made ''profesor nadzwyczajny'' (associate professor).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Polish Ministry of Culture, Science and Media website )〕 In 1883, Zygmunt Wróblewski and Karol Olszewski were the first in the world to liquefy oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in a stable state (not, as had been the case up to then, in a dynamic state in the transitional form as vapor). In 1884, in his Kraków laboratory, Olszewski was the first to liquefy hydrogen in a dynamic state, achieving a record low temperature of −225 °C (48 K). In 1895 he liquefied argon. He failed only to liquefy then-newly discovered helium.〔"Olszewski, Karol Stanisław," ''Encyklopedia Polski'', p. 464.〕 In 1896, on hearing of Wilhelm Röntgen's work with X-rays, within a few days in early February Olszewski replicated it, thus initiating the university's department of radiology.〔(【引用サイトリンク】Krakow Chair of Radiology History )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= History of Polish Radiology )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Karol Olszewski」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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